Vacuum evaporation is one of the most commonly used methods for deposition of functional films on to various substrates. The vacuum is used to allow vapor particles to deposit directly on to the substrate, where vapor particles condense back to a solid state, forming a functional coating.

60 KLPD MEE

An Agitated Thin Film Dryer (ATFD) is a type of evaporator that dries highly viscous and heat-sensitive materials by spreading them into a thin film and agitating them on a heated surface. This method ensures efficient heat transfer and rapid evaporation of solvents or moisture, leaving behind a dry product. Various industries, such as chemical, pharmaceutical, food, and wastewater treatment, rely on ATFDs due to their ability to handle challenging drying processes with high efficiency and minimal thermal degradation.

MEE and ATFD is a system consists of a sequence of heat exchangers VLSs (vapor-liquid separators) used widely for many applications in industries to achieve evaporation and obtain desired concentration as output by using an efficient amount of heat source such as steam or hot water to evaporate water. Evaporation is normally stopped before the solute starts to precipitate in the operation of an evaporator. Most of the industrial evaporators have tubular heating surfaces.

Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR) is an evaporative concentration technology that uses a mechanical compressor to recover energy from condensate to create a concentrated product or waste and a pure liquid distillate. MVR can reduce evaporation energy use by more than 90%.