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This applies to industries that generate wastewater with high concentrations of organic matter (e.g. oil and grease), toxic pollutants (e.g. heavy metals, volatile organic compound) or nutrients such as ammonia. Some industries install a pre-treatment system to remove some pollutants (e.g., toxic compounds), and then discharge the partially treated wastewater to the municipal sewer system.

Wastewater treatment is a process that uses physical, chemical, and biological methods to purify water. 

The process typically includes the following stages:

• Pretreatment: Screens and grinders remove bulky matter, and grit chambers remove heavier solids like dirt and sand. 
• Primary treatment: Settling tanks slow the flow of water to separate solids from the wastewater. This reduces the total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biological oxygen demand (BOD). 
• Secondary treatment: Biological processes, like aeration and final settling, further purify the wastewater. Bacteria feed on organic matter, and the excess sludge is removed. 
• Disinfection: The final step destroys any remaining pathogens.
• Sludge treatment: The waste sludge is stabilized, dewatered, and sent to landfills or used in land applications. 
• Odor control: Chemicals neutralize the smell-producing elements in the wastewater. 

Industrial wastewater treatment describes the processes used for treating wastewater that is produced by industries as an undesirable by-product. After treatment, the treated industrial wastewater or effluent may be reused or released to a sanitary sewer or to a surface water in the environment. Some industrial facilities generate wastewater that can be treated in sewage treatment plants. Most industrial processes, such as petroleum refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants have their own specialized facilities to treat their wastewaters so that the pollutant concentrations in the treated wastewater comply with the regulations regarding disposal of wastewaters into sewers or into rivers, lakes or oceans. This applies to industries that generate wastewater with high concentrations of organic matter (e.g. oil and grease), toxic pollutants (e.g. heavy metals, volatile organic compound) or nutrients such as ammonia. Some industries install a pre-treatment system to remove some pollutants (e.g., toxic compounds), and then discharge the partially treated wastewater to the municipal sewer system.